New York State Law
Criminal Procedure Law
Consolidated Laws of New York's CPL code
Article 10 - NY Criminal Procedure Law
THE CRIMINAL COURTS
| Section | Description |
|---|---|
| 10.10 | The criminal courts; enumeration and definitions. |
| 10.20 | Superior courts; jurisdiction. |
| 10.30 | Local criminal courts; jurisdiction. |
| 10.40 | Chief administrator to prescribe forms. |
S 10.10 The criminal courts; enumeration and definitions. 1. The "criminal courts" of this state are comprised of the superior courts and the local criminal courts. 2. "Superior court" means: (a) The supreme court; or (b) A county court. 3. "Local criminal court" means: (a) A district court; or (b) The New York City criminal court; or (c) A city court; or (d) A town court; or (e) A village court; or (f) A supreme court justice sitting as a local criminal court; or (g) A county judge sitting as a local criminal court. 4. "City court" means any court for a city, other than New York City, having trial jurisdiction of offenses of less than felony grade only committed within such city, whether such court is entitled a city court, a municipal court, a police court, a recorder`s court or is known by any other id or title. 5. "Town court." A "town court" is comprised of all the town justices of a town. 6. "Village court." A "village court" is comprised of the justice of a village, or all the justices thereof if there be more than one, or, at a time when he or they are absent, an acting justice of a village who is authorized to perform the functions of a village justice during his absence. 7. Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, a court specified herein which possesses civil as well as criminal jurisdiction does not act as a criminal court when acting solely in the exercise of its civil jurisdiction, and an order or determination made by such a court in its civil capacity is not an order or determination of a criminal court even though it may terminate or otherwise control or affect a criminal action or proceeding. S 10.20 Superior courts; jurisdiction. 1. Superior courts have trial jurisdiction of all offenses. They have: (a) Exclusive trial jurisdiction of felonies; and (b) Trial jurisdiction of misdemeanors concurrent with that of the local criminal courts; and (c) Trial jurisdiction of petty offenses, but only when such an offense is charged in an indictment which also charges a crime. 2. Superior courts have preliminary jurisdiction of all offenses, but they exercise such jurisdiction only by reason of and through the agency of their grand juries. 3. Superior court judges may, in their discretion, sit as local criminal courts for the following purposes: (a) conducting arraignments, as provided in subdivision two of section 170.15 and subdivision two of section 180.20 of this chapter; (b) issuing warrants of arrests, as provided in subdivision one of section 120.70 of this chapter; and (c) issuing search warrants, as provided in article six hundred ninety of this chapter. S 10.30 Local criminal courts; jurisdiction. 1. Local criminal courts have trial jurisdiction of all offenses other than felonies. They have: (a) Exclusive trial jurisdiction of petty offenses except for the superior court jurisdiction thereof prescribed in paragraph (c) of subdivision one of section 10.20; and (b) Trial jurisdiction of misdemeanors concurrent with that of the superior courts but subject to divestiture thereof by the latter in any particular case. 2. Local criminal courts have preliminary jurisdiction of all offenses subject to divestiture thereof in any particular case by the superior courts and their grand juries. 3. Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision one, a superior court judge sitting as a local criminal court does not have trial jurisdiction of any offense, but has preliminary jurisdiction only, as provided in subdivision two. S 10.40 Chief administrator to prescribe forms and to authorize use of electronic filing. 1. The chief administrator of the courts shall have the power to adopt, amend and rescind forms for the efficient and just administration of this chapter. A failure by any party to submit papers in compliance with forms authorized by this section shall not be grounds for that reason alone for denial or granting of any motion. 2. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the chief administrator, with the approval of the administrative board of the courts, may promulgate rules authorizing a program in the use of electronic means ("e-filing") in the supreme court and in the county court for (i) the filing with a court of an accusatory instrument for the purpose of commencement of a criminal action or proceeding in a superior court, as provided by articles one hundred ninety-five and two hundred of this chapter, and (ii) the filing and service of papers in pending criminal actions and proceedings. Provided, however, the chief administrator shall consult with the county clerk of a county outside the city of New York before the use of electronic means is to be authorized in the supreme court or county court of such county, afford him or her the opportunity to submit comments with respect thereto, consider any such comments and obtain the agreement thereto of such county clerk. (b) (i) Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, participation in this program shall be strictly voluntary and will take place only upon consent of all parties in the criminal action or proceeding; except that a party's failure to consent to participation shall not bar any other party to the action from filing and serving papers by electronic means upon the court or any other party to such action or proceeding who has consented to participation. Filing an accusatory instrument by electronic means with the court for the purpose of commencement of a criminal action or proceeding shall not require the consent of any other party; provided, however, that upon such filing any person who is the subject of such accusatory instrument and any attorney for such person shall be permitted to immediately review and obtain copies of such instrument if such person or attorney would have been authorized by law to review or copy such instrument if it had been filed with the court in paper form. No party shall be compelled, directly or indirectly, to participate in e-filing. All parties shall be notified clearly, in plain language, about their options to participate in e-filing. Where a party is not represented by counsel, the clerk shall explain such party's options for electronic filing in plain language, including the option for expedited processing, and shall inquire whether he or she wishes to participate, provided however the unrepresented litigant may participate in the program only upon his or her request, which shall be documented in the case file, after said party has been presented with sufficient information in plain language concerning the program. (ii) The chief administrator may eliminate the requirement of consent to participation in this program in supreme and county courts of not more than six counties provided he or she may not eliminate such requirement for a court without the consent of the district attorney, the consent of the criminal defense bar as defined in subdivision three of this section and the consent of the county clerk of the county in which such court presides. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this subparagraph, the chief administrator shall not eliminate the requirement of consent to participation in a county hereunder until he or she shall have provided all persons and organizations, or their representative or representatives, who regularly appear in criminal actions or proceedings in the superior court of such county with reasonable notice and opportunity to submit comments with respect thereto and shall have given due consideration to all such comments, nor until he or she shall have consulted with the members of the advisory committee specified in subparagraph (v) of paragraph (t) of subdivision two of section two hundred twelve of the judiciary law. (c) Where the chief administrator eliminates the requirement of consent as provided in subparagraph (ii) of paragraph (b) of this subdivision, he or she shall afford counsel the opportunity to opt out of the program, via presentation of a prescribed form to be filed with the court where the criminal action is pending. Said form shall permit an attorney to opt out of participation in the program under any of the following circumstances, in which event, he or she will not be compelled to participate: (i) Where the attorney certifies in good faith that he or she lacks appropriate computer hardware and/or connection to the internet and/or scanner or other device by which documents may be converted to an electronic format; or (ii) Where the attorney certifies in good faith that he or she lacks the requisite knowledge in the operation of such computers and/or scanners necessary to participate. For the purposes of this subparagraph, the knowledge of any employee of an attorney, or any employee of the attorney's law firm, office or business who is subject to such attorney's direction, shall be imputed to the attorney. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this paragraph: (A) where a party is not represented by counsel, the clerk shall explain such party's options for electronic filing in plain language, including the option for expedited processing, and shall inquire whether he or she wishes to participate, provided however the unrepresented litigant may participate in the program only upon his or her request, which shall be documented in the case file, after said party has been presented with sufficient information in plain language concerning the program; (B) a party not represented by counsel who has chosen to participate in the program shall be afforded the opportunity to opt out of the program for any reason via presentation of a prescribed form to be filed with the clerk of the court where the proceeding is pending; and (C) a court may exempt any attorney from being required to participate in the program upon application for such exemption, showing good cause therefor. (d)(i) Nothing in this section shall affect or change any existing laws governing the sealing and confidentiality of court records in criminal proceedings or access to court records by the parties to such proceedings, nor shall this section be construed to compel a party to file a sealed document by electronic means. (ii) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, no paper or document that is filed by electronic means in a criminal proceeding in supreme court or county court shall be available for public inspection on-line. Subject to the provisions of existing laws governing the sealing and confidentiality of court records, nothing herein shall prevent the unified court system from sharing statistical information that does not include any papers or documents filed with the action; and, provided further, that this paragraph shall not prohibit the chief administrator, in the exercise of his or her discretion, from posting papers or documents that have not been sealed pursuant to law on a public website maintained by the unified court system where: (A) the website is not the website established by the rules promulgated pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subdivision, and (B) to do so would be in the public interest. For purposes of this subparagraph, the chief administrator, in determining whether posting papers or documents on a public website is in the public interest, shall, at a minimum, take into account for each posting the following factors: (A) the type of case involved; (B) whether such posting would cause harm to any person, including especially a minor or crime victim; (C) whether such posting would include lewd or scandalous matters; and (D) the possibility that such papers or documents may ultimately be sealed. (iii) Nothing in this section shall affect or change existing laws governing service of process, nor shall this section be construed to abrogate existing personal service requirements as set forth in the criminal procedure law. 3. For purposes of this section, the following terms shall have the following meanings: (a) "Consent of the criminal defense bar" shall mean that consent has been obtained from all provider offices and/or organizations in the county that represented twenty-five percent or more of the persons represented by public defense providers pursuant to section seven hundred twenty-two of the county law, as shown in the most recent annual reports filed pursuant to subdivision one of section seven hundred twenty-two-f of the county law. Such consent, when given, must be expressed in a written document that is provided by a person who is authorized to consent on behalf of the relevant public defender organization, agency or office; and (b) "Electronic means" shall be as defined in subdivision (f) of rule twenty-one hundred three of the civil practice law and rules; and (c) The "filing and service of papers in pending criminal actions and proceedings" shall include the filing and service of a notice of appeal pursuant to section 460.10 of this chapter. * NB Effective until September 1, 2019 * S 10.40 Chief administrator to prescribe forms. The chief administrator of the courts shall have the power to adopt, amend and rescind forms for the efficient and just administration of this chapter. A failure by any party to submit papers in compliance with forms authorized by this section shall not be grounds for that reason alone for denial or granting of any motion. * NB Effective September 1, 2019 Top of Page
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