New York State Law
Vehicle and Traffic Law
Consolidated Laws of New York's VTL code
Vehicle and Traffic Law Common Violations
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Vehicle and Traffic Law Guide
| Section | Sub | Description of Violation |
|---|---|---|
| 207 | 5 | Misuse / unlawful disposal of uniform traffic summons |
| Periodic Inspection of Motor Vehicles - Article 5 | ||
| 306 | (b) | Uninspected MV |
| 306 | (e) | Issue or use fake or counterfeit inspection certificate |
| Financial Security - Article 6, 7, 8 | ||
| 318 | 7 | Failure to surrender registration, plates, license after revocation for termination of financial security |
| 319 | 1 | Operate / permit operation w/o financial security |
| 319 | 2 | Improper insurance card |
| 355 | Operate w/o proof of financial security after revocation | |
| 370 | 4 | Failure notify insurer-accident / hire vehicle |
| Motor Vehicle and Motorcycle Equipment - Article 9 | ||
| 375 | 1 | MV with no/inadequate brakes; steering mechanism; horn; windshield wipers |
| 375 | 1a | Loud or unnecessary horn |
| 375 | 1b | Unauthorized window stickers |
| 375 | 1b | Attached handbills to windshield |
| 375 | 2(a)1 | No/inadequate headlights (MV) when dark or when windshield wipers are in use |
| 375 | 2(a)3 | No / inadequate tail lights (2-lamp) |
| 375 | 2(a)4 | No / inadequate plate light |
| 375 | 2(b) | Dazzling lights |
| 375 | 2(c) | Unauthorized light/s |
| 375 | 3 | Failed to dim - meeting/overtaking |
| 375 | 4 | Unapproved headlights |
| 375 | 10a | No mirror on MV |
| 375 | 10c r | No adjustable interior mirror |
| 375 | 10-a | No left side view mirror |
| 375 | 12-a | Nontransparent windshield |
| 375 | 12-a(b)(1) | Windshield less than 70% light transmittance |
| 375 | 12-a(b)(1) | Operator side windows less than 70% light transmittance |
| 375 | 18 | No / inadequate directionals |
| 375 | 20(a) | No flashing light on front & rear of bus |
| 375 | 20(c) | School bus sign not lighted |
| 375 | 22 | Glass broken/fractured/discolored so visibility is distorted |
| 375 | 26 | Unauthorized gong/siren (not anti-theft device) |
| 375 | 27 | No light / red flag on load |
| 375 | 28 | Unnecessary smoke/offensive vapors |
| 375 | 29 | Improper towing |
| 375 | 30 | Front or rear view obstructed |
| 375 | 31 | No / inadequate muffler MV |
| 375 | 31-a | Sell, install, use "straight pipes" MC muffler |
| 375 | 34 | No/improper backup lights |
| 375 | 40(b) | No / inadequate brake lights |
| 375 | 41-1 | Unauthorized light/revolving, flashing, etc. |
| 375 | 41-2 | Unauthorized red and white light |
| 375 | 41-3 | Unauthorized amber light |
| 375 | 41-4 | Unauthorized blue light/improper use |
| 375 | 41-5 | Unauthorized green light/improper use |
| 375 | 47a | Radio playing in excess of 70 decibels |
| 375 | 48b | No front or rear bumper |
| Motorcycle Equipment - Article 9 | ||
| 381 | 1(a) | No/inadequate brakes/horn/lights/muffler |
| 381 | 5 | Handlebars over operator's shoulders |
| 381 | 6 | No / inadequate helmet |
| 381 | 7 | No/inadequate goggles/face shield |
| 381 | 11 | No/inadequate muffler or MC equipped w/straight pipes |
| Miscellaneous Provisions - Article 12 | ||
| 396 | 1 | Unauthorized federal/state/muni. shield/lettering |
| 396 | 2 | Unauthorized police dept. seal/shield/etc. |
| 396 | 3 | Unauthorized fire dept. seal/shield/lettering |
| 397 | Police radio receiver in private vehicle | |
| Registration / Plates of MV - Article 14 | ||
| 401 | 1a | Unregistered motor vehicle |
| 401 | 3a | Fail to change address on registration |
| 401 | 7F(b) | Overweight on registration (single vehicle) |
| 401 | 8c | Overweight on registration (combos) |
| 401 | 8d | Overweight on registration (certain trailers) |
| 402 | Plates / obstructed / dirty / insecure / none / one / no distinct number / covered by glass/plastic | |
| 402 | 2 | More than 1 State plate/no contrast of color |
| 402 | 3 | Unregistered trailer |
| 402 | 4 | Improper plates |
| 402 | 5 | Permitted improper use of plates |
| 402 | 6 | Owner of vehicle used wrong plate |
| 402 | Registration tag not on windshield | |
| 403-a | Falsifying temporary indicia of registration | |
| Registration / Plates of Motorcycles - Article 15 | ||
| 410 | 1 | Unregistered Motorcycle |
| 411 | 1 | No distinctive no plate-Motorcycle |
| 411 | 2 | Plate not issued by commissioner-Motorcycle |
| 411 | 3 | Improper plates-Motorcycle |
| 411 | 4 | Permitted use of improper plates-Motorcycle |
| Driver's Licenses / General - Article 19, Article 20, Article 21a | ||
| 509 | 1 | Operating w/o license |
| 509 | 2 | Operating out of appropriate class |
| 509 | 3 | Operating out of restriction |
| 509 | 4 | Permitting unlicensed operation |
| 509 | 5 | Holding more than 1 NYS license |
| 509 | 6 | Permit improper use of license/use or possess forged/fictitious license |
| 509 | 7 | Fail to exhibit license to magistrate |
| 509 | 8 | Fail to change address on license |
| 509 | 9 | No notice of disability |
| 511 | 1 | Aggravated unlicensed operation 3E |
| 511 | 2 | Aggravated unlicensed operation 2E |
| 511 | 3 | Aggravated unlicensed operation 1E |
| 512 | Operation w/suspended registration | |
| 515 | Alteration of license conviction stub | |
| 530 | (6) | Improper use of restricted use license |
| 530 | (7) | Expired restricted use license |
| Accidents and Accident Reports - Article 22 | ||
| 600 | 1a | Left scene accident with property damage |
| 600 | 2a | Left scene accident with physical injury |
| 600 | 2a | Left scene acc. w/serious phy. injury/death |
| 601 | Left scene acc. w/injury to dog/horse/cattle | |
| 605 | (a) | Fail to report acc. w/death, phys. inj., or prop. dam., in excess of $1000) |
| Rules of the Road / Signs and Signals - Article 24 | ||
| 1102 | Fail to obey order of police/flag person | |
| 1110 | (a) | Failed to obey traffic control device/police sign |
| 1111 | (a)1 | Fail to yield with green light |
| 1111 | (a)2 | Fail to yield with green arrow |
| 1111 | (b)3 | Pedestrian crossed against yellow signal |
| 1111 | (d)1 | Passed circular red signal |
| 1111 | (d)2a | Failed to stop at red signal before turning right/fail to yield to ped/traffic (2-way) |
| 1111 | (d)2b | Failed to stop at red signal before turning right/fail to yield to ped/traffic (1-way) |
| 1111 | (d)3 | Passed red arrow |
| 1111 | (d)4 | Pedestrian crossed against red signal |
| 1111 | (d)5 | Right on red/school bus transporting pupils |
| 1113 | (a) | Failure to stop at flashing red signal |
| Right of Way / Passing Other Vehicles / Staying in Lanes - Article 25 | ||
| 1120 | (a) | Failed to keep right |
| 1120 | (b) | Failed to keep right (slow moving vehicle) |
| 1121 | Failed to yield one-half roadway | |
| 1122 | (a) | Passed vehicle on right |
| 1122 | (b) | Failed to give way when being passed |
| 1123 | (b) | Left pavement to pass on right |
| 1124 | While passing on left, interfered with safe operation of oncoming vehicle | |
| 1126 | (a) | Drove left of pavement markings |
| 1127 | (a) | Wrong way on one-way street |
| 1128 | (a) | Moved from lane unsafely |
| 1128 | (c) | Failed to use designated lane |
| 1128 | (d) | Drove across hazardous markings |
| 1129 | (a) | Following too closely |
| 1129 | (b) | Failed to leave sufficient space |
| 1129 | (c) | Failed to leave sufficient space (motorcade, except funerals) |
| 1130 | 1 | Drove across mall/median |
| 1130 | 2 | Unauthorized. entry/exit controlled access highway |
| 1131 | Drive on shoulder | |
| Right of Way - Article 26 | ||
| 1140 | (a) | Fail to yield approaching intersection |
| 1140 | (b) | Driver on left failed to yield in intersection |
| 1141 | Fail to yield - left turn | |
| 1142 | (a) | Fail to stop - stop sign/failed to yield |
| 1142 | (b) | Fail to yield - yield sign |
| 1143 | Fail to yield - entering roadway | |
| 1144 | (a) | Fail to yield to author. emergency vehicle |
| 1145 | Fail to yield at traffic circle | |
| 1146 | Fail to exercise due care to avoid collision with bicyclist, pedestrian, or domestic animal | |
| 1151 | (a) | Fail to yield to pedestrian in crosswalk |
| Turning at Intersections - Article 28 | ||
| 1160 | (a) | Improper right turn |
| 1160 | (b) | Improper left turn (two-way) |
| 1160 | (c) | Improper left turn (one-way) |
| 1160 | (d) | Failed to turn as required |
| 1161 | U-turn at grade/curve | |
| 1162 | Moved stopped vehicle unsafely | |
| 1163 | (a) | Improper/unsafe turn |
| 1163 | (b) | Failed to signal for turn |
| 1163 | (c) | Failed to signal when stopping |
| 1163 | (e) | Failed to use emergency flashers |
| 1164 | (b) | No directionals - certain vehicles |
| 1166 | (a) | Improper right turn off roadway |
| 1166 | (b) | Improper left turn off roadway |
| 1166 | (c) | Improper left turn (one-way) off roadway |
| Special Stops - Article 29 | ||
| 1172 | (a) | Disobeyed stop sign |
| 1172 | (b) | Failed to stop for yield sign when required |
| 1173 | Failed to stop - emerging from alley, driveway, private road, or building | |
| 1174 | (a) | Passed stopped school bus/lights flashing |
| 1174 | (b) | Failed to keep school bus halted/lighted |
| 1175 | Entered intersection when room unavailable (gridlock) | |
| Speed Restrictions - Article 30 | ||
| 1180 | (a) | Speed not reasonable/prudent |
| 1180 | (d) | Speeding in excess of posted limits |
| 1181 | (a) | Impeding traffic - driving too slowly |
| 1182 | 1 | Unauthorized speed contest (drag race) |
| Alcohol and Drug Offenses - Article 31 | ||
| 1192 | 1 | D.W.A.I. (alcohol) |
| 1192 | 2 | D.W.I. (.08% or more)/tested |
| 1192 | 2a | Aggravated D.W.I. (.18% or more)/tested |
| 1192 | 2a(b) | D.W.I. w/child 15 yrs or less is passenger |
| 1192 | 3 | D.W.I./observation |
| 1192 | 4 | D.W.A.I. (drugs) |
| 1192 | 4a | D.W.A.I. (combined drugs and or alcohol) |
| 1192 | 5 | D.W.I./commercial vehicle (.04% to .06%) |
| 1192 | 6 | D.W.I./commercial vehicle (.06% to .08%) |
| 1194 | 2(b) | Refusal of screening test |
| Stopping / Standing / Parking - Article 32 | ||
| 1200 | (d) | Fail to obey sign-stop/stand/parked |
| 1201 | (a) | Stop/stand/park veh. attended/unattended on roadway blocking traffic/obstruct. view opposite side unless vehicle is disabled |
| 1202 | (a)1a | Double parked/stopped/stand |
| 1202 | (a)1b | Stop/stand/parked on sidewalk |
| 1202 | (d)1c | Stop/stand/parked in intersection |
| 1202 | (a)1d | Stop/stand/parked on crosswalk |
| 1202 | (a)2a | Stand/parked blocking driveway |
| 1202 | (a)2b | Stand/parked within 20' of crosswalk |
| 1202 | (a)2c | Stand/parked within 30' of signal/stop sign |
| 1202 | (a)2d | Stand/parked proximity of fire station |
| 1202 | (a)2e | Stand/parked veh. blocking cut curb area |
| 1202 | (a)3b | Parked within 15' fire hydrant |
| 1203 | (a) | Parked wrong side/more than 12" from curb (2-way road) |
| 1203 | (b) | Parked wrong side/more than 12" from curb (1-way road) |
| 1203 | (d)1 | Displayed parked vehicle for sale |
| 1203 | (d)2 | Repaired vehicle on highway |
| Handicapped Parking - Article 32 | ||
| 1203-b | 2 | Stop/stand/parked in handicapped area (street) |
| 1203-c | 1 | Failed to designate area for handicapped |
| 1203-c | 2 | Failed to properly identify area for handicapped |
| 1203-c | 4 | Parked in handicapped area (off street) |
| 1203-e | Dumping snow in handicapped area | |
| Miscellaneous Rules - Article 33 | ||
| 1210 | (a) | Leaving engine on/key in unattended MV |
| 1211 | (a) | Unsafe backing |
| 1212 | Reckless driving | |
| 1213 | (a) | Obstructed vision/4 persons in front seat |
| 1213 | (b) | Passenger obstructed view/interfered with driver |
| 1214 | Opened door unsafely | |
| 1217 | Following fire apparatus too closely | |
| 1217 | Parked within 1000' of fire scene | |
| 1218 | Crossing fire hose | |
| 1219 | (a) | Deposited injurious substance on highway |
| 1219 | (c) | Tow operator failed to remove debris |
| 1220 | (a) | Deposited refuse on/near highway |
| 1221 | Drove through safety zone | |
| 1222 | 1a | No seats - truck carrying people |
| 1222 | 1b | 3' side racks - truck carrying people |
| 1222 | 1c | No tailgate - truck carrying people |
| 1222 | 2 | Truck carrying 6 people w/o person 18 yrs |
| 1224 | 7(a) | Abandoned vehicle |
| 1225 | Avoided intersection/traffic control device | |
| 1225-c | 2a | Use mobile telephone while driving |
| 1225-d | 1 | Use portable electronic device while driving |
| 1225-a | Driving on sidewalk | |
| 1226 | Removed both hands from wheel | |
| 1227 | 1 | Driver/ passenger used alcholic beverage in MV |
| 1229-c | 1 | Rear seat under 7 not in child restraint seat |
| 1229-c | 1 | Rear seat under 16 no seat belt |
| 1229-c | 2 | Front seat under 7 not in child restraint seat |
| 1229-c | 2 | Front seat under 16 no seat belt |
| 1229-c | 3 | No seat belt - driver/front seat pass. over 16 |
| Bicycles and Play Devices - Article 34 | ||
| 1233 | 2 | Ride/attach oneself to vehicle |
| 1233 | 3 | Permitting person to ride/attach device-MV |
| 1236 | (e) | No reflectors on bicycle |
| 1238 | 5(b) | No helmet on bicycle operator under 14 (issued only to guardian only if present) |
| Operation of Motorcycles - Article 34a | ||
| 1251 | (a) | 2 persons on seat for 1 |
| 1251 | (b) | Sitting improperly/astride seat |
| 1251 | (c) | Carrying object/2 hands not on handlebars |
| 1251 | (d) | Passenger interfered with driver |
| 1252 | (a) | MC/MV deprives MC use of full lane |
| 1252 | (b) | MC passing in same lane |
| 1252 | (c) | MC operating between autos |
| 1252 | (d) | More than 2 abreast in same lane |
| 1253 | Clinging to other vehicles | |
| Certificate of Titles - Article 46 | ||
| 2130 | (a)1 | Alters/forge certificate of title |
| 2130 | (a)2 | Alters/forges assignment of cert. of title |
| 2130 | (a)3 | Possesses altered/forged certificate of title |
| 2130 | (a)4 | Uses false name/makes false statement to secure certificate of title or copy |
| Limited Use Vehicles - Article 48a | ||
| 2261 | 1 | Unregistered limited use vehicle |
| 2264 | 1 | Number plates not displayed |
| 2264 | 4 | Misuse dealer plates |
| All Terrain Vehicles - Article 48b | Article 48c | ||
| 2282 | 1 | Unregistered ATV |
| 2403 | 1 | Operating ATV on highway |
| 2403 | 2 | Operating ATV on public land not designated for ATVs |
| 2403 | 3 | Operating ATV on private land w/o owner’s consent |
| 2404 | 1(a) | Unreasonable speed |
| 2404 | 1(b) | Reckless or negligent operation |
| 2404 | 1(g) | Within 100' of dwelling between midnight & 6:00 a.m. |
| 2404 | 1(h) | Operating on public lands/private property while intoxicated with alcohol or drugs |
| 2404 | 2(b) | Failure to obey lawful order |
| 2406 | 1(b) | No / improper muffler |
| 2406 | 1(e) | No / improper front and rear lights |
| 2406 | 2 | No / improper helmet |
| 2407 | 4 | No insurance |
| 2410 | 1 | Operator under 16 w/o supervision of person 18 or over (unless 10 or over & a holder of ATV safety certificate) |
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