New York Laws

New York State Law

Consolidated Laws of New York

A Digest of New York's Criminal Code and Related Laws

Laws of New York

This site contains the full online searchable text of the Alcoholic Beverage Control Law, the Criminal Procedure Law, the Penal Law and the Vehicle and Traffic Law for the State of New York. Also the Civil Rights Law, Family Court Act, U.S. Constitution and selected articles from the Navigation Law.
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Law Terms Defined / Legal Definitions

Terms are defined as per the law listed.
CPL= Criminal Procedure Law FCA= Family Court Act
PEN= Penal Law VTL= Vehicle Traffic Law
LAW TERMS - Columns sortable.
TERM LAW ARTICLE
Abduct PEN 135.00 (sub 2)
Abortional act PEN 125.05 (sub 2)
Access PEN 156.00 (sub 7)
Access device PEN 155.00 (sub 7c)
Access highway VTL 1 (100-a)
Accusatory instrument CPL 1.20 (sub 1)
Act PEN 15.00 (sub 1)
Act of terrorism PEN 490.05 (sub 1)
Advance gambling activity PEN 225.00 (sub 4)
Affirmative defense PEN 25.00 (sub 2)
Aggravated circumstances FCA 712 (g)
Aggravated sexual contact PEN 130.00 (sub 11)
Agricultural equipment VTL 1 (100-d)
Ambulance VTL 1 (100-b)
Anal sexual conduct PEN 130.00 (sub 2b)
Antique firearm PEN 265.00 (sub 10)
Appearance bond CPL 500.10 (sub 14)
Appearance ticket CPL 1.20 (sub 26)
Applicant CPL 700.05 (sub 5)
Application for recognizance or bail CPL 500.10 (sub 7)
Appropriate PEN 155.00 (sub 4)
Armed felony CPL 1.20 (sub 41)
Armor piercing ammunition PEN 265.00 (sub 18)
Arraignment CPL 1.20 (sub 9)
Articulated bus VTL 1 (100-c)
Assault weapon PEN 265.00 (sub 22)
Attesting officer PEN 210.00 (sub 6)
Authorized emergency vehicle VTL 1 (101)
Authorized gaming establishment PEN 225.00 (sub 13)
Authorized gaming operator PEN 225.00 (sub 14)
Automatic knife PEN 265.00 (sub 5c)
Automobile transporter VTL 1 (101-a)
B-train assembly VTL 1 (101-c)
Bail CPL 500.10 (sub 9)
Bail bond CPL 500.10 (sub 13)
Bench warrant CPL 1.20 (sub 30)
Benefit PEN 10.00 (sub 17)
Bicycle VTL 1 (102)
Bicycle lane VTL 1 (102-a)
Bicycle path VTL 1 (102-b)
Biological agent PEN 490.05 (sub 5)
Biological weapon PEN 490.05 (sub 9)
Blood delivery vehicle VTL 1 (117-d)
Boat transporter VTL 1 (101-b)
Bookmaking PEN 225.00 (sub 9)
Building PEN 140.00 (sub 2)
Bureau VTL 1 (103)
Bus VTL 1 (104)
Business district VTL 1 (105)
Business record PEN 175.00 (sub 2)
Cable television service PEN 155.00 (sub 9)
Cane sword PEN 265.00 (sub 13)
Cash bail CPL 500.10 (sub 10)
Cash equivalent PEN 225.00 (sub 16)
Casino gaming PEN 225.00 (sub 15)
Certificate of registration VTL 1 (105-a)
Check PEN 190.77 (sub 1)
Chemical weapon PEN 490.05 (sub 10)
Chemical weapons convention PEN 490.05 (sub 17)
Cheques PEN 225.00 (sub 17)
Child day car provider PEN 10.00 (sub 19)
Chuka stick PEN 265.00 (sub 14)
Circulatory roadway VTL 1 (106)
Civil defense emergency vehicle VTL 1 (106-a)
Class I gaming PEN 225.00 (sub 18)
Class III gaming PEN 225.00 (sub 19)
Classes of cities VTL 1 (107)
Coin operated gambling device PEN 225.00 (sub 7a)
Commencement of criminal action CPL 1.20 (sub 17)
Commercial driver VTL 509p (sub 3)
Commercial motor carrier VTL 509p (sub 4)
Commercial motor vehicle VTL 509p (sub 1)
Commercial towing VTL 1 (107-b)
Commissioner VTL 1 (108)
Commitment to the custody of the sheriff CPL 1.20 (sub 35)
Community gun PEN 115.20
Compact PEN 225.00 (sub 20)
Complete written instrument PEN 170.00 (sub 2)
Computer PEN 156.00 (sub 1)
Computer data PEN 156.00 (sub 3)
Computer material PEN 156.00 (sub 5)
Computer network PEN 156.00 (sub 6)
Computer program PEN 156.00 (sub 2)
Computer service PEN 156.00 (sub 4)
Concurrent counts CPL 300.30 (sub 3)
Conduct PEN 15.00 (sub 4)
Conducts PEN 470.00 (sub 2)
Consecutive counts CPL 300.30 (sub 2)
Contest of chance PEN 225.00 (sub 1)
Contraband PEN 205.00 (sub 3)
Controlled-access highway VTL 1 (109)
Conviction CPL 1.20 (sub 13)
Correction vehicle VTL 1 (109-a)
County CPL 1.20 (sub 36)
County emergency medical services vehicle VTL 1 (109-b)
Credit card PEN 155.00 (sub 7)
Crime PEN 10.00 (sub 6)
Criminal action CPL 1.20 (sub 16)
Criminal conduct PEN 470.00 (sub 4)
Criminal court CPL 10.10 (sub 1)
Criminal diversion act PEN 178.00 (sub 3)
Criminal negligence PEN 15.05 (sub 4)
Criminal proceeding CPL 1.20 (sub 18)
Crosswalk VTL 1 (110)
Culpable mental state PEN 15.00 (sub 6)
Curb VTL 1 (111)
Custody PEN 205.00 (sub 2)
Dangerous contraband PEN 205.00 (sub 4)
Dangerous instrument PEN 10.00 (sub 13)
Deadly physical force PEN 10.00 (sub 11)
Deadly weapon PEN 10.00 (sub 12)
Dealer in firearms PEN 265.00 (sub 9)
Debit card PEN 155.00 (sub 7a)
Deface PEN 265.00 (sub 7)
Defendant CPL 710.10 (sub 1)
Defense PEN 25.00 (sub 1)
Definition of snow tire VTL 1 (145-d)
Delivery system PEN 490.05 (sub 7)
Department VTL 1 (112)
Department of transportation VTL 1 (112-a)
Deprive PEN 155.00 (sub 3)
Detention FCA 712 (b)
Detention facility PEN 205.00 (sub 1)
Disguised gun PEN 265.00 (sub 20)
Dispose of PEN 265.00 (sub 6)
Dispositional hearing FCA 712 (f)
District attorney CPL 1.20 (sub 32)
Diversion services FCA 712 (i)
Drawer PEN 190.77 (sub 2)
Driver VTL 1 (113)
Driveway VTL 1 (114)
Drug trafficking felony PEN 10.00 (sub 21)
Duress PEN 40.00
Dwelling PEN 140.00 (sub 3)
Eavesdropping warrant CPL 700.05 (sub 2)
Electric personal assistive mobility device VTL 1 (114-d)
Electronic access device PEN 170.00 (sub 8)
Electronic dart gun PEN 265.00 (sub 15a)
Electronic signature PEN 190.77 (sub 2a)
Electronic stun gun PEN 265.00 (sub 15c)
Eligible youth CPL 720.10 (sub 2)
Emergency ambulance service vehicle VTL 1 (115-c)
Emergency operation VTL 1 (114-b)
Enter or remain unlawfully PEN 140.00 (sub 5)
Enterprise PEN 175.00 (sub 1)
Entrapment PEN 40.05
Escort vehicle VTL 1 (114-c)
Evidence CPL 710.10 (sub 2)
Evidence in chief CPL 1.20 (sub 40)
Exigent circumstances CPL 700.05 (sub 7)
FAA PEN 240.76 (3a)
Fact-finding hearing FCA 712 (e)
Falsely alter PEN 170.00 (sub 6)
Falsely complete PEN 170.00 (sub 5)
Falsely make PEN 170.00 (sub 4)
Felony PEN 10.00 (sub 5)
Felony complaint CPL 1.20 (sub 8)
Financial institution PEN 470.00 (sub 6)
Financial transaction PEN 470.00 (sub 7)
Fire vehicle VTL 1 (115-a)
Firearm PEN 265.00 (sub 3)
Firearm silencer PEN 265.00 (sub 2)
Fix bail CPL 500.10 (sub 3)
Flagperson VTL 1 (115-b)
Flammable liquid VTL 1 (116)
Forcible compulsion PEN 130.00 (sub 8)
Foreign object PEN 130.00 (sub 9)
Forged instrument PEN 170.00 (sub 7)
Fraudulent welfare act PEN 158.00 (sub 1b)
Funds PEN 190.77 (sub 6)
Gambling PEN 225.00 (sub 2)
Gambling device PEN 225.00 (sub 7)
Gaming compact PEN 225.00 (sub 20)
Gaming equipment or device PEN 225.00 (sub 21)
Gaming regulatory authority PEN 225.00 (sub 22)
Geographical area of employment CPL 1.20 (sub 34a)
Gravity knife PEN 265.00 (sub 5)
Gross vehicle weight rating VTL 509p (sub 2)
Gross weight VTL 1 (117)
Hazard vehicle VTL 1 (117-a)
Hazardous materials emergency vehicle VTL 1 (117-c)
Hazardous operation VTL 1 (117-b)
Health care provider PEN 130.00 (sub 12)
Health plan PEN 177.00 (sub 1)
Highway VTL 1 (118)
House coach VTL 1 (119)
Ignition interlock device VTL 1 (119-a)
Immediate family PEN 120.40
In-line skate VTL 1 (140-a)
Inclusory concurrent counts CPL 300.30 (sub 4)
Incomplete written instrument PEN 170.00 (sub 3)
Inconsistent counts CPL 300.30 (sub 5)
Indictment CPL 1.20 (sub 3)
Inflatable restraint system VTL 1 (119-b)
Information CPL 1.20 (sub 4)
Instrumentality of a felony controlled substance offense PEN 480.00 (sub 5)
Insufficient funds PEN 190.77 (sub 7)
Insurance company bail bond CPL 500.10 (sub 16)
Insurance policy PEN 176.00 (sub 1)
Intentionally PEN 15.05 (sub 1)
Intercepted communication CPL 700.05 (sub 3)
Intermediate appellate court CPL 1.20 (sub 22)
Intersection VTL 1 (120)
Judge CPL 1.20 (sub 23)
Judgment CPL 1.20 (sub 15)
Judicial hearing officer CPL 1.20 (sub 43)
Jurat PEN 210.00 (sub 7)
Juror PEN 10.00 (sub 16)
Jury Trial CPL 340.10 (sub 3)
Justice CPL 700.05 (sub 4)
Justifiable abortional act PEN 125.05 (sub 3)
Juvenile offender PEN 10.00 (sub 18)
Knowingly PEN 15.05 (sub 2)
Kung Fu star PEN 265.00 (sub 15)
Labor official PEN 180.10
Laned roadway VTL 1 (121)
Laser PEN 240.76 (3a)
Laser detector VTL 1 (134-c)
Law enforcement agency CPL 705.00 (sub 4)
Law enforcement officer PEN 470.00 (sub 9)
Law enforcement officer CPL 700.05 (sub 6)
Leased vehicle VTL 1 (121-d)
Lesser included offense CPL 1.20 (sub 37)
Licensing officer PEN 265.00 (sub 10)
Limited use automobile VTL 1 (121-a)
Limited use motorcycle VTL 1 (121-b)
Limited use vehicle VTL 1 (121-c)
Livery VTL 1 (121-e)
Loaded firearm PEN 265.00 (sub 15)
Local authorities VTL 1 (122)
Local criminal court CPL 10.10 (sub 3)
Local criminal court accusatory instrument CPL 1.20 (sub 2)
Lottery PEN 225.00 (sub 10)
Low speed vehicle VTL 1 (121-f)
Machine-gun PEN 265.00 (sub 1)
Married PEN 130.00 (sub 4)
Material support or resources PEN 490.05 (sub 2)
Maximum gross weight VTL 1 (122-a)
Maximum performance speed VTL 1 (122-b)
Medical Marihuana PEN 179.00
Member of armed forces PEN 190.77 (sub 2c)
Mental disease or defect PEN 40.15
Mental health care provider PEN 130.00 (sub 13)
Mentally disabled PEN 130.00 (sub 5)
Mentally incapacitated PEN 130.00 (sub 6)
Metal knuckle knife PEN 265.00 (sub 5b)
Misdemeanor PEN 10.00 (sub 4)
Misdemeanor complaint CPL 1.20 (sub 7)
Mobile home or manufactured home VTL 1 (122-c)
Monetary instrument PEN 470.00 (sub 1)
Motor vehicles VTL 1 (125)
Motorcycle VTL 1 (123)
Night PEN 140.00 (sub 4)
Non-secure detention facility FCA 712 (d)
Oath PEN 210.00 (sub 1)
Oath required by law PEN 210.00 (sub 4)
Obligor CPL 500.10 (sub 11)
Obtain PEN 155.00 (sub 2)
Off-highway motorcycle VTL 1 (125-a)
Offense PEN 10.00 (sub 1)
Official proceeding PEN 215.35
Omission PEN 15.00 (sub 3)
Omnibus VTL 1 (126)
Oral sexual conduct PEN 130.00 (sub 2a)
Order of recognizance or bail CPL 500.10 (sub 6)
Overhang VTL 1 (127)
Owner PEN 155.00 (sub 5)
Pari-mutuel betting PEN 180.00 (sub 4)
Pari-mutuel horse race PEN 180.00 (sub 5)
Park or parking VTL 1 (129)
Parking area of a shopping center VTL 1 (129-a)
Parking lot VTL 1 (129-b)
Partially secured bail bond CPL 500.10 (sub 18)
Party officer PEN 200.40
Pass PEN 190.77 (sub 5)
Peace officer CPL 2.10
Pedestrian VTL 1 (130)
Pen register CPL 705.00 (sub 1)
Permanency hearing FCA 712 (h)
Persistent felony offender PEN 70.10
Persistent violent felony offender PEN 70.08
Person PEN 10.00 (sub 7)
Person in need of supervision FCA 712 (a)
Personal identification number PEN 190.77 (sub 2b)
Personal identifying information PEN 190.77 (sub 1)
Personal insurance PEN 176.00 (sub 4)
Petty offense CPL 1.20 (sub 39)
Physical evidence PEN 215.35
Physical injury PEN 10.00 (sub 9)
Physically helpless PEN 130.00 (sub 7)
Pilum ballistic knife PEN 265.00 (sub 5a)
Place of public assembly VTL 1 (131-a)
Player PEN 225.00 (sub 3)
Plea CPL 1.20(sub 10)
Police officer CPL 1.20 (sub 34)
Police vehicle VTL 1 (132-a)
Policy PEN 225.00 (sub 11)
Possess PEN 10.00 (sub 8)
Post bail CPL 500.10 (sub 8)
Potential testimony CPL 710.10 (sub 3)
Precursor PEN 490.05 (sub 11)
Preliminary jurisdiction CPL 1.20 (sub 25)
Premises PEN 140.00 (sub 1)
Prescription PEN 178.00 (sub 2)
Prescription medication or device PEN 178.00 (sub 1)
Principal CPL 500.10 (sub 1)
Private road VTL 1 (133)
Proceeds PEN 480.00 (sub 3)
Profit from gambling activity PEN 225.00 (sub 5)
Property PEN 155.00 (sub 1)
Property of another PEN 145.13
Prosecutor CPL 1.20 (sub 31)
Prosecutor's information CPL 1.20 (sub 6)
Public assistance benefits PEN 158.00 (sub 1c)
Public benefit card PEN 155.00 (sub 7b)
Public highway VTL 1 (134)
Public servant PEN 10.00 (sub 15)
Qualifying highway VTL 1 (134-a)
Radar detector VTL 1 (134-b)
Railroad VTL 1 (135)
Railroad grade crossing VTL 1 (135-a)
Railroad sign or signal VTL 1 (136)
Railroad train VTL 1 (137)
Real property instrumentality of a crime PEN 480.00 (sub 6)
Recklessly PEN 15.05 (sub 3)
Relative PEN 135.00 (sub 3)
Release on own recognizance CPL 500.10 (sub 2)
Rental vehicle VTL 1 (137-a)
Renunciation PEN 40.10
Representative drawer PEN 190.77 (sub 3)
Represented PEN 470.00 (sub 8)
Residence district VTL 1 (138)
Residential mortgage fraud PEN 187.00 (sub 4)
Residential mortgage loan PEN 187.00 (sub 2)
Residential real property PEN 187.00 (sub 3)
Restrain PEN 135.00 (sub 1)
Rifle PEN 265.00 (sub 11)
Right of way VTL 1 (139)
Roadway VTL 1 (140)
Roller skate VTL 1 (140-b)
Roundabout VTL 1 (140-d)
Safety zone VTL 1 (141)
Sani-vans VTL 1 (141-b)
Sanitation patrol vehicle VTL 1 (141-a)
Scheme PEN 496.01
School bus VTL 1 (142)
Second felony offender PEN 70.06
Second violent felony offender PEN 70.04
Secret scientific material PEN 155.00 (sub 6)
Secure detention facility FCA 712 (c)
Secured bail bond CPL 500.10 (sub 17)
Securing order CPL 500.10 (sub 5)
Select biological agent PEN 490.05 (sub 16)
Select chemical agent PEN 490.05 (sub 15)
Sell PEN 225.00 (sub 24)
Semiautomatic PEN 265.00 (sub 21)
Semitrailer VTL 1 (143)
Sentence CPL 1.20 (sub 14)
Serious offense PEN 265.00 (sub 17)
Serious physical injury PEN 10.00 (sub 10)
Service PEN 155.00 (sub 8)
Sexual conduct PEN 130.00 (sub 10)
Sexual contact PEN 130.00 (sub 3)
Sexual intercourse PEN 130.00 (sub 1)
Shotgun PEN 265.00 (sub 12)
Shoulder VTL 1 (143-a)
Sidewalk VTL 1 (144)
Simplified environmental conservation information CPL 1.20 (sub 5d)
Simplified information CPL 1.20 (sub 5a)
Simplified parks information CPL 1.20 (sub 5c)
Simplified traffic information CPL 1.20 (sub 5b)
Single judge trial CPL 340.10 (sub 2)
Skate board VTL 1 (140-c)
Slope VTL 1 (144-a)
Slot machine PEN 225.00 (sub 8)
Snow emergency VTL 1 (144-b)
Snow emergency route VTL 1 (145-c)
Something of value PEN 225.00 (sub 6)
Specified criminal conduct PEN 470.00 (sub 5)
Sports contest PEN 180.00 (sub 1)
Sports official PEN 180.00 (sub 3)
Sports participant PEN 180.00 (sub 2)
Stand or standing VTL 1 (145)
State expressway routes VTL 1 (145-a)
State gaming agency PEN 225.00 (sub 25)
State interstate routes VTL 1 (145-b)
Statement PEN 176.00 (sub 2)
Submission of a count CPL 300.30 (sub 1)
Substance use disorder FCA 712 (j)
Substituted proceeds PEN 480.00 (sub 4)
Summons CPL 1.20 (sub 27)
Superior court CPL 10.10 (sub 2)
Superior court information CPL 1.20 (sub 3a)
Superior court warrant of arrest CPL 1.20 (sub 29)
Surety CPL 500.10 (sub 12)
Surety bond CPL 500.10 (sub 15)
Swear PEN 210.00 (sub 2)
Swear falsely PEN 210.00 (sub 5)
Switchblade knife PEN 265.00 (sub 4)
Testimony PEN 210.00 (sub 3)
To act PEN 15.00 (sub 5)
Toxic chemical PEN 490.05 (sub 13)
Toxin PEN 490.05 (sub 6)
Transaction PEN 470.00 (sub 3)
Trap and trace device CPL 705.00 (sub 2)
Trial CPL 1.20 (sub 11)
Trial jurisdiction CPL 1.20 (sub 24)
Unfair gaming equipment PEN 225.00 (sub 26)
Unlawful PEN 225.00 (sub 12)
Unlawful gaming property PEN 225.00 (sub 27)
Unsecured bail bond CPL 500.10 (sub 19)
Utter PEN 190.77 (sub 4)
Vector PEN 490.05 (sub 8)
Verdict CPL 1.20 (sub 12)
Video lottery gaming PEN 225.00 (sub 28)
Video surveillance CPL 700.05 (sub 9)
Video surveillance warrant CPL 700.05 (sub 10)
Violation PEN 10.00 (sub 3)
Violent felony offense PEN 70.02
Voluntary act PEN 15.00 (sub 2)
Voucher PEN 225.00 (sub 29)
Warrant of arrest CPL 1.20 (sub 28)
Waste collection vehicle VTL 1 (159-a)
Wheelchair VTL 1 (130-a)
Without authorization PEN 156.00 (sub 8)
Written instrument PEN 170.00 (sub 1)
Youth CPL 720.10 (sub 1)
Youth offender sentence CPL 720.10 (sub 5)
Youthful offender adjudication CPL 720.10 (sub 6)
Youthful offender finding CPL 720.10 (sub 4)

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